“The Voice of Romance: The Columbia Original Album Collection” Complete Box Set – Order Now! [2] She was the daughter of William Fitzgerald and Temperance "Tempie" Henry. "[47], After Pete Kelly's Blues, she appeared in sporadic movie cameos, in St. Louis Blues (1958)[48] and Let No Man Write My Epitaph (1960). If the conditions were not met shows were cancelled. A bust of Fitzgerald is on the campus of Chapman University in Orange, California. The artists were both widely known icons not just in the areas of big band, jazz, and swing music but across 20th century popular music in general. It was released in the UK in 2019.[55]. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras both musically and also in terms of U.S. culture. [13] When the authorities caught up with her, she was placed in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverdale in the Bronx. She left Decca, and Granz, now her manager, created Verve Records around her. Died: 15 June 1996 in Beverly Hills, California, USA (aged 79). [68][71], In 1993, Fitzgerald established the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation focusing on charitable grants for four major categories: academic opportunities for children, music education, basic care needs for the less fortunate, medical research revolving around diabetes, heart disease, and vision impairment. Bonnie Greer dramatized the incident as the musical drama, Marilyn and Ella, in 2008. [69] In 1954 on her way to one of her concerts in Australia she was unable to board the Pan American flight due to racial discrimination. "[62] Her funeral was private,[62] and she was buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, CA. [7] The church provided Fitzgerald with her earliest experiences in music. After a tumultuous adolescence, Fitzgerald found stability in musical success with the Chick Webb Orchestra, performing across the country but most often associated with the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem. It is located southeast of the main entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Railroad station in front of the city's old trolley barn. He remarked, "Their work together is a highlight of the 1950s, a busy time for classic vocal jazz records, and both were in fine form on these dates, Fitzgerald's sweetly melodic voice contrasting nicely with Armstrong's coarse rasp." Riley B. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, and composer.He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. "[12] Frank Sinatra, out of respect for Fitzgerald, prohibited Capitol Records from re-releasing his own recordings in separate albums for individual composers in the same way. Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is an American trumpeter, composer, teacher, and artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center.He has promoted classical and jazz music, often to young audiences. In the early 1920s, Fitzgerald's mother and her new partner, a Portuguese immigrant named Joseph da Silva,[3] moved to Yonkers, in Westchester County, New York. Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American jazz singer, sometimes referred to as the First Lady of Song, Queen of Jazz, and Lady Ella. [9] The Complete Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong on Verve attracted praise in the same vein as the original releases that the compilation albums took songs from, such as from Richard S. Ginell of Allmusic. Here was a black woman popularizing urban songs often written by immigrant Jews to a national audience of predominantly white Christians. The New York Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were among the first pop records to devote such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in establishing the pop album as a vehicle for serious musical exploration. As well, tracks related to those albums have also appeared in various forms in multi-artist collections and other such records. [51] The stamp was released in April 2007 as part of the Postal Service's Black Heritage series. [8], The Complete Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong on Verve, Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington: The Great Summit/Complete Sessions. In addition, she supported several nonprofit organizations like the American Heart Association, City of Hope, and the Retina Foundation. In 1993, after a career of nearly 60 years, she gave her last public performance. The advent of bebop led to new developments in Fitzgerald's vocal style, influenced by her work with Dizzy Gillespie's big band. Fitzgerald and Brown divorced in 1953, due to the various career pressures both were experiencing at the time, though they would continue to perform together. Davis adopted a variety of musical directions in a five-decade career that kept him at the forefront of many major stylistic developments in jazz. [59] In March 1990 she appeared at the Royal Albert Hall in London, England with the Count Basie Orchestra for the launch of Jazz FM, plus a gala dinner at the Grosvenor House Hotel at which she performed. Ella in Rome and Twelve Nights in Hollywood display her vocal jazz canon. Fitzgerald married at least twice, and there is evidence that suggests that she may have married a third time. Her song selections ranged from standards to rarities and represented an attempt by Fitzgerald to cross over into a non-jazz audience. * Bluebird 07863 66528-2 Dizzy Gillespie - The Complete RCA Victor Recordings * Victor 26371; His Master's Voice (Swi) JK 2172, (Swd) X 6572; Blue Ace 234 Lionel Hampton - When Lights Are Low / Hot Mallets * His Master's Voice (E) B 9750, (F) SG 288 Lionel Hampton - When Lights Are Low / Central Avenue Breakdown * Victor 26393; His Master's Voice (E) B 9027, (Swi) JK 2240, (F) K 8432 … 9), Louis Armstrong Hot Five and Hot Seven Sessions, Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella_Fitzgerald_and_Louis_Armstrong_collaborations&oldid=1003478664, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 January 2021, at 04:22. [19] She won the chance to perform at the Apollo for a week but, seemingly because of her disheveled appearance, the theater never gave her that part of her prize. The Grand Opening performers (October 11 and 12, 2008) were Roberta Flack and Queen Esther Marrow. [52] The tape was played back and the recording also broke another glass, asking: "Is it live, or is it Memorex? [14] When the orphanage proved too crowded, she was moved to the New York Training School for Girls, a state reformatory school in Hudson, New York. In tribute, the marquee read: "Ella We Will Miss You. [citation needed]. The two appeared on the same stage only periodically over the years, in television specials in 1958 and 1959, and again on 1967's A Man and His Music + Ella + Jobim, a show that also featured Antônio Carlos Jobim. 1, We All Love Ella: Celebrating the First Lady of Song, NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Artist, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella_Fitzgerald&oldid=1024251527, Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners, United States National Medal of Arts recipients, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, From 1943 to 1950, Fitzgerald recorded seven songs with the Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny. (1947) was similarly popular and increased her reputation as one of the leading jazz vocalists.[30]. [7] She and her family were Methodists and were active in the Bethany African Methodist Episcopal Church, where she attended worship services, Bible study, and Sunday school. After taking over the band when Webb died, Fitzgerald left it behind in 1942 to start her solo career. [4] Granz, who founded the record label Verve in 1956, is known as "one of the most powerful non-musicians in jazz" history. [1], Porgy and Bess joined the Grammy Hall of Fame by 2001. [20], In January 1935, Fitzgerald won the chance to perform for a week with the Tiny Bradshaw band at the Harlem Opera House. "[19], From 1949 to 1956, Fitzgerald resided in St. Albans, New York, an enclave of prosperous African Americans where she counted among her neighbors, Illinois Jacquet, Count Basie, Lena Horne, and other jazz luminaries. [83] Fitzgerald is also referred to in the 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" from his album Songs in the Key of Life, and the song "I Love Being Here With You", written by Peggy Lee and Bill Schluger. In 1997, Newport News, Virginia created a week-long music festival with Christopher Newport University to honor Fitzgerald in her birth city. [86], In April 2013, she was featured in Google Doodle, depicting her performing on stage. Dubbed "The First Lady of Song," Ella Fitzgerald was the most popular female jazz singer in the United States for more than half a century. [37] The booking was instrumental in Fitzgerald's career. It was directed by Leslie Woodhead and produced by Reggie Nadelson. Fitzgerald allowed Louis to choose the keys in which to sing the repertoire and together they recorded the first of three albums, Ella and Louis. Her extensive cookbook collection was donated to the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, and her extensive collection of published sheet music was donated to UCLA. [49], She made numerous guest appearances on television shows, singing on The Frank Sinatra Show, The Carol Burnett Show, The Andy Williams Show, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, and alongside other greats Nat King Cole, Dean Martin, Mel Tormé, and many others. AllMusic's Alex Henderson stated that he could find details to "nitpick", such as a possible lack of trumpet solos despite Armstrong's strong presence, yet found little reason to criticize "this fine set". [80] Across town at the University of Southern California, she received the USC "Magnum Opus" Award which hangs in the office of the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation. "She frequently used shorter, stabbing phrases, and her voice was harder, with a wider vibrato", one biographer wrote. The sets are the most well-known items in her discography. It was a turning point in my life."[9]. [11], Fitzgerald began skipping school, and her grades suffered. [16] Fitzgerald recorded several hit songs, including "Love and Kisses" and "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. I thought be-bop was 'it', and that all I had to do was go some place and sing bop. Together they adopted a child born to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they christened Ray Brown Jr. With Fitzgerald and Brown often busy touring and recording, the child was largely raised by his mother's aunt, Virginia. As a result, they were stranded in Honolulu for three days before they could get another flight to Sydney. In her lifetime, she won 13 Grammy awards and sold over 40 million albums. [23] She recorded nearly 150 songs with Webb's orchestra between 1935 and 1942. [7] It saw a re-release in 2011. [16][17] She had intended to go on stage and dance, but she was intimidated by a local dance duo called the Edwards Sisters and opted to sing instead. Like Fitzgerald, Armstrong picked up popular nicknames, in his case "Pops" and "Satchmo", that stuck, and critics praised him by the 1950s as a sort of elder statesman of popular music. She had her own side project, too, known as Ella Fitzgerald and Her Savoy Eight.[24]. [5] Consisting entirely of vocal duets, compositions sung by the artists in the album include the George and Ira Gershwin songs "A Foggy Day" and "They Can't Take That Away from Me" as well as James Warburg with Kay Swift's "Can't We Be Friends?". The career history and archival material from Fitzgerald's long career are housed in the Archives Center at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, while her personal music arrangements are at the Library of Congress. [17][18] Performing in the style of Connee Boswell, she sang "Judy" and "The Object of My Affection" and won first prize. It celebrated what would have been her 96th birthday. Coming to prominence first as an inventive player, Armstrong attracted notice for shifting the focus in his records from collective improvisations to turn-by-turn solo performances. Fitzgerald also recorded albums exclusively devoted to the songs of Porter and Gershwin in 1972 and 1983; the albums being, respectively, Ella Loves Cole and Nice Work If You Can Get It. Ella in London recorded live in 1974 with pianist Tommy Flanagan, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham, was considered by many to be some of her best work. Harvard gave her an honorary degree in 1990. She could sing sultry ballads, sweet jazz and imitate every instrument in an orchestra. [87][88], On April 25, 2017, the centenary of her birth, UK's BBC Radio 2 broadcast three programmes as part of an "Ella at 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night introduced by Jamie Cullum, Remembering Ella introduced by Leo Green and Ella Fitzgerald – the First Lady of Song introduced by Petula Clark. Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book, released in 1956, was the first of eight Song Book sets Fitzgerald would record for Verve at irregular intervals from 1956 to 1964. I realized then that there was more to music than bop. Fitzgerald appeared in many duets in the Forties, appearing on recordings with, among others, The Ink Spots, Louis Jordan and Louis Armstrong as well as a host of instrumentalists from the Jazz At The Philharmonic troupe. "Lady Ella" attracted notoriety for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, lyrical phrasing, and vocal intonation; her instrument-like improvisational ability with her voice, particularly in her scat singing, proved popular with many audiences. He ensured Fitzgerald was to receive equal pay and accommodations regardless of her sex and race. Porgy and Bess, which came out in April 1959, is not to be confused with either the 1951 release by the same title or the 1956 release The Complete Porgy and Bess (which is also known as just Porgy and Bess too). "[19], Her 1945 scat recording of "Flying Home" arranged by Vic Schoen would later be described by The New York Times as "one of the most influential vocal jazz records of the decade....Where other singers, most notably Louis Armstrong, had tried similar improvisation, no one before Miss Fitzgerald employed the technique with such dazzling inventiveness. [3] Com uma extensão vocal que abrangia três oitavas, era notória pela pureza de sua tonalidade, sua dicção, fraseado e entonação impecáveis, bem como uma habilidade de improviso "semelhante a um instrumento de sopro", particularmente no scat. Folk singer Odetta's album To Ella (1998) is dedicated to Fitzgerald, but features no songs associated with her. Marsalis has won at least nine Grammy Awards, and his Blood on the Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Fitzgerald was born on April 25, 1917, in Newport News, Virginia. Granz helped solidify her position as one of the leading live jazz performers. Although the tour was a big hit with audiences and set a new box office record for Australia, it was marred by an incident of racial discrimination that caused Fitzgerald to miss the first two concerts in Sydney, and Gordon had to arrange two later free concerts to compensate ticket holders. [43], In her most notable screen role, Fitzgerald played the part of singer Maggie Jackson in Jack Webb's 1955 jazz film Pete Kelly's Blues. Ella Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an African-American jazz vocalist often referred to by honorific nicknames such as the "First Lady of Song" and the "Queen of Jazz". With Verve she recorded some of her more widely noted works, particularly her interpretations of the Great American Songbook. "[9] Her bebop recording of "Oh, Lady Be Good!" All three albums draw on the material in George and Ira Gershwin's operatic stage drama of that name, a piece that had its original Broadway production in 1935. Possibly Fitzgerald's greatest unrealized collaboration (in terms of popular music) was a studio or live album with Frank Sinatra. Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Song Book was the only Song Book on which the composer she interpreted played with her. In 1980, she performed a medley of standards in a duet with Karen Carpenter on the Carpenters' television special Music, Music, Music. [15], While she seems to have survived during 1933 and 1934 in part from singing on the streets of Harlem, Fitzgerald made her most important debut at age 17 on November 21, 1934, in one of the earliest Amateur Nights at the Apollo Theater. [61] Her eyesight was affected as well.[9]. She recorded several albums with piano accompaniment, but a guitar proved the perfect melodic foil for her. There are several live albums on Verve that are highly regarded by critics. She was awarded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Equal Justice Award and the American Black Achievement Award. [45] Even though she had already worked in the movies (she had sung briefly in the 1942 Abbott and Costello film Ride 'Em Cowboy),[46] she was "delighted" when Norman Granz negotiated the role for her, and, "at the time ... considered her role in the Warner Brothers movie the biggest thing ever to have happened to her. While singing with Gillespie, Fitzgerald recalled, "I just tried to do [with my voice] what I heard the horns in the band doing. With the demise of the swing era and the decline of the great touring big bands, a major change in jazz music occurred. In the 1950s, the depth and scope of her many releases had already attracted major attention. In his view, the related 2011 compilation album that included most of their collaborations, while missing several tracks, "captures some of the finest vocal work of the past century". Among those recordings are works with some of history's greatest musicians and the legendary Songbook series. Her rendition of the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" helped boost both her and Webb to national fame. [16] She was introduced to drummer and bandleader Chick Webb, who had asked his recently signed singer Charlie Linton to help find him a female singer. [70] Although she faced several obstacles and racial barriers, she was recognized as a "cultural ambassador", receiving the National Medal of Arts in 1987 and America's highest non-military honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In terms of touring performances, Fitzgerald once again teamed up with Armstrong, after the success of their first album, to hold a series of concerts at the Hollywood Bowl. “Johnny Mathis – The Island” Click Here to Order Now! The collaborations between Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong have attracted much attention over the years. [44] The film costarred Janet Leigh and singer Peggy Lee. Take the ingenious prologue ... [or] take the fleeting scenes when the wonderful Ella Fitzgerald, allotted a few spoken lines, fills the screen and sound track with her strong mobile features and voice. [79], In 1958 Fitzgerald was the first African American female to win at the inaugural show. [3] Her half-sister, Frances da Silva, was born in 1923. Ella Fitzgerald est une chanteuse de jazz américaine, née le 25 avril 1917 à Newport News et morte le 15 juin 1996 à Beverly Hills (quartier de Los Angeles).. Issue d'un milieu modeste, elle commence très jeune à chanter au théâtre Apollo de Harlem en 1934.Sa carrière solo débute en 1941 et dure jusqu'au début des années 1980. Dubbed 'The First Lady Of Song', [8] Despite the latter's title, that two-CD album only featured a selection of thirty-five particular tracks by the duo, lifting just four of the pieces on Porgy and Bess. [84], There is a bronze sculpture of Fitzgerald in Yonkers, the city in which she grew up, created by American artist Vinnie Bagwell. The artists were both widely known icons not just in the areas of big band, jazz, and swing music but across 20th century popular music in general. In 1986 she received an honorary doctorate of Music from Yale University. Standing on the Corner (Blue Yodel No. Tempie heiratete später Joseph „Joe“ da Silva. King (September 16, 1925 – May 14, 2015), known professionally as B.B. [89], In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Just One of Those Things, a documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was launched in the UK. [51] In the commercials, she sang a note that shattered a glass while being recorded on a Memorex cassette tape. She performed for her peers on the way to school and at lunchtime. [9], In July 1957, Reuters reported that Fitzgerald had secretly married Thor Einar Larsen, a young Norwegian, in Oslo. "Ella, elle l'a", a tribute to Fitzgerald written by Michel Berger and performed by French singer France Gall, was a hit in Europe in 1987 and 1988. Sinatra's 1986 recording of "Mack the Knife" from his album L.A. Is My Lady (1984) includes a homage to some of the song's previous performers, including 'Lady Ella' herself. The marriage was annulled in 1942. [68], Bill Reed, author of Hot from Harlem: Twelve African American Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as the "Civil Rights Crusader", facing discrimination throughout her career. A later collection devoted to a single composer was released during her time with Pablo Records, Ella Abraça Jobim, featuring the songs of Antônio Carlos Jobim. [2], Writing for All About Jazz, music critic David Rickert stated that the collaborations were "a match made in heaven" and lauded Ella and Louis, Ella and Louis Again, and Porgy and Bess all as "terrific albums". [18][21], Webb died of spinal tuberculosis on June 16, 1939,[22] and his band was renamed Ella and Her Famous Orchestra with Fitzgerald taking on the role of bandleader. [65], Fitzgerald was a civil rights activist; using her talent to break racial barriers across the nation. She loved the Boswell Sisters' lead singer Connee Boswell, later saying, "My mother brought home one of her records, and I fell in love with it...I tried so hard to sound just like her. The two African-American musicians produced three official releases together in Ella and Louis (1956), Ella and Louis Again (1957), and Porgy and Bess (1959). Discography During Ella's 50-plus year career she recorded over 200 albums and around 2,000 songs. Her voice was flexible, wide-ranging, accurate and ageless. She later described the period as strategically crucial, saying, "I had gotten to the point where I was only singing be-bop. Fitzgerald recorded some 20 albums for the label. She died in her home from a stroke on June 15, 1996, at the age of 79. While recording the Song Books and the occasional studio album, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per year in the United States and internationally, under the tutelage of Norman Granz. Her accolades included fourteen Grammy Awards, the National Medal of Arts, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She was also frequently featured on The Ed Sullivan Show. Three years later, she died at the age of 79 after years of declining health. Seminal record producer Norman Granz masterminded the affair. "[9], Days after Fitzgerald's death, The New York Times columnist Frank Rich wrote that in the Song Book series Fitzgerald "performed a cultural transaction as extraordinary as Elvis' contemporaneous integration of white and African American soul. But it finally got to the point where I had no place to sing. These partnerships produced some of her best-known songs such as "Dream a Little Dream of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)". For Capitol she recorded Brighten the Corner, an album of hymns, Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas, an album of traditional Christmas carols, Misty Blue, a country and western-influenced album, and 30 by Ella, a series of six medleys that fulfilled her obligations for the label.
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