After the 1970s, as housing prices began to tumble, many Hispanic such as Salvadorans, Colombians, Dominicans, and West Indian immigrants moved in. The largest Russian-speaking community in the United States is Brighton Beach. [150] By 1975, the South Bronx was the most devastated urban landscape in America, and had experienced the largest population drop in urban history, given the exception of the aftermath of war. Including Puerto Ricans, there are approximately 560,000 (23.8%) persons of Caribbean descent in Brooklyn. "Japanese." [25]:8, The 103rd Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 80.6% between 1990 and 2018. The area is overshadowed by neighboring Chinatown in that it is relatively indistinguishable. [43][44] When Metro International Airways existed, its headquarters were at the airport. Also there are restaurants such as "Sagar", "Ambala", "Ghoroa", and countless more in the Bangladeshi stronghold here. A majority of these South Asians spoke Bhojpuri or Caribbean Hindustani. [35], Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Jamaican, and, Indo-Surinamese, Indo-Trinidadians originated in India. [66] The popular styles of Chinese cuisine are ubiquitously accessible in Flushing Chinatown,[67] including Taiwanese, Shanghainese, Hunanese, Szechuan, Cantonese, Fujianese, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, and Korean Chinese cuisine. Many of these survivors settled in Borough Park after the war and raised their families here. In Edison, New Jersey, ethnic Asian Indians represent more than 28% of the population,[87] the highest percentage of any place in the United States with more than 1,000 residents identifying their ancestry. Astoria, Queens, is home to the largest concentration of Greek Americans in New York. Located on White Plains Road in Morris Park the area has been recently named Little Yemen due to the growing number of Yemeni Americans. New York City has large Guyanese, Surinamese, and Trinidadian communities, which not only includes Afro-Caribbeans, but also Indo-Caribbeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese, Indo-Jamaican, and Indo-Trinidadian (Indo-Caribbean Americans). [108] Now, Astoria has become more diverse, with Mexican Americans, Colombian Americans, Pakistani Americans, and Russian Americans all calling Astoria home, among others. Two months later, when Congress passed the Selective Service Act, conscription was extended to the Puerto Ricans both in the island and in the U.S. mainland. [110][118], Though Italian immigration began as early as the 17th century, with Pietro Cesare Alberti, from Venice, being the first reported Italian living in the New Amsterdam colony, effective immigration started around 1860 with the founding of the Kingdom of Italy. The entertainment at the … [22][23], The First Reformed Church, Grace Episcopal Church Complex, Jamaica Chamber of Commerce Building, Jamaica Savings Bank, King Manor, J. Kurtz and Sons Store Building, La Casina, Office of the Register, Prospect Cemetery, St. Monica's Church, Sidewalk Clock at 161-11 Jamaica Avenue, New York, NY, Trans World Airlines Flight Center, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Robertson, Creg. [107] The main artery of the neighborhood, 86th Street, has been called the "German Broadway". In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 5%, lower than the citywide rate of 12%. King Manor was restored at the turn of the 21st century to its former glory, and houses King Manor Museum. [17] The public school system was started in 1813 with funds of $125. [143] In Astoria, the area around 36th Avenue and 30th Street is the most Brazilian in character, despite the prevalence of other ethnic groups, like Bengali, Pakistani, Indian, Mexican, Arab, Japanese, Korean, Greek, Dominican, and Italian people. Jews [1] It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 103rd and 113th Precincts. However, in Q3 2008, Technomart announced that it would not be moving forward with its plan to bring a retailer to the community.[35]. The descendants of these indentured servants later immigrated to New York City and to other places around the world, such as Toronto. Smaller enclaves also exist in nearby Dyker Heights, Gravesend, and Bath Beach. [4], The entirety of Community Board 12, which mainly comprises Jamaica but also includes Hollis, had 232,911 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.5 years. Asian Indian Communities, EPodunk. Jamaica is covered by multiple ZIP Codes. New York State has the largest population of Jamaican Americans in the United States. Along 150th to 161st streets, much of the stores and restaurants typify South American and Caribbean cultures. [59][60] Manhattan's Little Fuzhou is centered on the street of East Broadway. [182] Later German immigration brought large communities of Ashkenazi Jews. "[143], One of many Latin American groups represented in New York, Colombian Americans have a very strong presence in Jackson Heights and a nearby neighborhood, Elmhurst, especially along Roosevelt Avenue.[144][145]. The present Jamaica station of the Long Island Rail Road was completed in 1913, and the BMT Jamaica Line arrived in 1918, followed by the IND Queens Boulevard Line in 1936 and the IND/BMT Archer Avenue Lines in 1988, the latter of which replaced the eastern portion of the Jamaica Line that was torn down in 1977–85. Rockaway Boulevard begins at 90th Avenue and Elderts Lane in Woodhaven, continuing southeast through Ozone Park, South Ozone Park, South Jamaica, Springfield Gardens, Brookville, and Meadowmere. From its 1975 founding to around 1980, the Japanese School of New York was located in Jamaica Estates,[82][83] near Jamaica.[84]. Dutch As well as the large South Asian community, significant Filipino and African communities thrive in Jamaica, along with the neighboring Filipino community in Queens Village and the historic, well established African-American community residing in Jamaica. There is an annual Syttende Mai Parade, celebrated in honor of Norwegian Constitution Day. As of 2006[update], 240,000 people of Pakistani descent were said to be living in New York City. The South Bronx is another neighborhood with a Dominican population. Located at Sutphin Blvd. In: Eisenstadt, Peter R. and Laura-Eve Moss (editors). Kensington's enclave was formed in the mid-1990s as a small community of Bangladeshi shops. Russians Staten Island is home to the oldest continuously settled free-black community in the United States, Sandy Ground. The parade ends with the crowning of Miss Norway near the statue of Leif Ericson. [146][147][148][149] Upper Manhattan and western portions of the Bronx have some of the highest concentrations of Dominicans in the country. [142], Most Brazilian Americans in New York can be found in two areas—in Astoria, Queens, and on a section of West 46th Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. [25][26][43][45][46][47][48], As of 2013[update], there are more than 74,000 Bangladeshis in New York City, a majority of whom reside in the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn. In 2005, the New York City Department of City Planning drafted a plan that would rezone 368 blocks of Jamaica in order to stimulate new development, relieve traffic congestion, and shift upscale amenities away from low-density residential neighborhoods. The community's median home prices rose 39% in 2015. Arts. [143] The other Brazilian neighborhood, 46th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, was officially named "Little Brazil", but resident Brazilians call it "Rua 46. In the 1960s and 1970s, many big box retailers moved to suburban areas where business was more profitable. Accessed December 25, 2011. [84] The quota was raised in the second half of the 20th century, starting another wave of Filipino immigration, looking for political freedom and opportunity, and one which has extended until present.[84]. As of the 2000 Census, over half of the 37,279 people of Japanese ancestry in New York State lived in New York City.[91]. [139], There is a small Ukrainian American community in the East Village, centered on Second Avenue between 6th and 10th Streets. Starting then until 1820 was the first wave of Jewish immigration to America, bringing fewer than 15,000 Jews. At one time, Little Italy in Manhattan had over 40,000 Italians and covered seventeen blocks. Other prominent Haitian neighborhoods include East Flatbush, Canarsie, and Kensington in Brooklyn and Springfield Gardens, Queens Village, and Cambria Heights in Queens. Taiwanese [35] Close to 80% of New York Mexicans were born outside the United States, and more than 60% of Mexican New Yorkers reside in Brooklyn and Queens.[158]. [158] Spanish Harlem in Manhattan, around 116th Street and Second Avenue, has a large community of Mexicans, which is still small compared to the area's predominant Puerto Rican population;[158][159] Staten Island has a large Mexican community in the Port Richmond, West Brighton, and Tompkinsville areas. Several blocks will be down-zoned to keep up with the existing neighborhood character. Groundbreaking on this site will initiate in late 2008 and is slated for completion by mid-2011. [88] The Oak Tree Road area, which crosses through Edison and Iselin is a growing cultural hub with high concentrations of Indian stores and restaurants.[89]. Departing retailers included brand name stores and movie theaters that once thrived in Jamaica's busiest areas. As well as one on Hillside Avenue in Queens, and one in Parkchester, Bronx. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 38.7% (20,790) of the population. By the twenty-first century, Dominicans were moving out of Boston to northern suburbs … As of the 2010 U.S. Census there are about 1,300 Japanese in Astoria and about 1,100 Japanese in Yorkville. [114] One large Irish community in Manhattan was Hell's Kitchen. The police later killed the attacker. Latin American groups with ethnic enclaves include Dominican Americans, Brazilian Americans, Salvadoran American, Ecuadorian American, Mexican Americans, Panamanian Americans, Colombian Americans, Peruvian Americans, Honduran Americans and Puerto Ricans. [174], In some places in the South Bronx, Spanish is the primary language. There are now around 160,000 Arabic people in NYC and more than 480,000 in New York State. [35] The Chinese population in the New York City area is dispersed across at least 9 Chinatowns, comprising the original Manhattan Chinatown, three in Queens (the Flushing Chinatown, the Elmhurst Chinatown, and the newly emerged Chinatown in Corona), three in Brooklyn (the Sunset Park Chinatown, the Avenue U Chinatown, and the Bensonhurst Chinatown), and one each in Edison, New Jersey and Nassau County, Long Island,[51] not to mention fledgling ethnic Chinese enclaves emerging throughout the New York City metropolitan area. Later, in the 1990s, after the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, many Albanians flocked to the United States. Ridgewood notably includes Gottschee expatriates from modern-day Slovenia. [108] However, Astoria remains New York's "Greektown."[108]. [11], Colonial New York City was also a center of religious diversity, including one of the first Jewish congregations, along with Philadelphia, Savannah, and Newport, in what was to become the United States. The incarceration rate of 789 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole. New York today has the second largest number of Jews in a metropolitan area, behind Gush Dan (the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area) in Israel. Unlike the other four boroughs, Puerto Rican populations are significant throughout the Bronx, though there is slightly higher concentrations in the South Bronx. [25]:2, As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 12 was $61,670. Directly across from the Museum is the former First Reformed Dutch Church of Jamaica, a National Register of Historic Places-listed landmark that has been adaptively reused into the Jamaica Performing arts center.[93]. The 1920s and 1930s saw the building of the Valencia Theatre (now restored by the Tabernacle of Prayer), the "futuristic" Kurtz furniture store and the Roxanne Building. DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Edison township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. [183] The first wave of Jewish people were fleeing religious persecution in Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Bordeaux, Jamaica, England, Curaçao, Holland, and conquered by Russian Empire former Poland (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów), and founded communities in New York, Newport, Charleston, Savannah, and Philadelphia. The 113th Precinct also has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 86.1% between 1990 and 2018. Geographically, getting from Queens to Midtown is easier than getting down to Wall Street, though there have been studies that prove that proximity to and density of transportation are not the sole defining factors of gentrification. There is also a significant Middle Eastern population in Midwood, Brooklyn and Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. As of that year most short-term Japanese business executives in Greater New York City reside in Midtown Manhattan or in New York City suburbs. Mainly of Guyanese and Trinidadian origin, these merchants serve their respective populations in and around the Jamaica Center area. [98] The Korean enclave in Flushing spread eastward across Queens and into Nassau County, forming a large Long Island Koreatown—. A little part of this community remained in the neighborhoods Boerum Hill and Park Slope. [160] New York holds 61% of indigenous-speaking immigrants from Mexico.[160]. Jamaica's bus network provides extensive service across eastern Queens, as well as to points in Nassau County, the Bronx, the Rockaways, and Midtown Manhattan. Jamaican Americans, Haitian Americans, Barbadian Americans, Guyanese Americans, Bahamian Americans, Grenadian Americans, Vincentian Americans and Trinidadian Americans have all formed Caribbean ethnic enclaves in New York. [108] Walking down a street in the 1970s, one would see Greek restaurants, Hellenic clubs, and many Greek-owned businesses. Belarusians Staten Island has a fairly large Puerto Rican population along the North Shore, especially in the Mariners' Harbor, Arlington, Elm Park, Graniteville, Port Richmond & Stapleton neighborhoods, where the population is in the 20% range. Throughout the 19th to early 20th centuries, Jamaica was mainly populated with whites as new Irish immigrants settled around the places known today as Downtown and Baisley Pond Park. Pakistani restaurants, grocery markets and halal shops are abound in such areas. [15] Union Hall Academy for boys, and Union Hall Seminary for girls, were chartered in 1787. Chinese [105] In fact, Over one million Germans entered the United States in the 1850s alone. [3] As early as 1646, 18 languages were spoken in New Amsterdam, and ethnic groups within New Amsterdam included Dutch, Danes, English, Flemish, French, Germans, Irish, Italians, Norwegians, Poles, Portuguese, Scots, Swedes, Walloons, and Bohemians. [151], By 1984, the traditionally heavily Italian neighborhood of Corona had instead become heavily Dominican, and Corona experienced rapid economic growth – 59% – as compared to the rest of the city experiencing 7%, as well as having the most overcrowded school district in the city as of 2006[update]. It is a wide six-lane street with numerous commercial activities. On January 1, 1898, Queens became part of the City of New York, and Jamaica became the county seat. At 8.3% of the population, Italian Americans compose the largest European American ethnic group in New York City, and are the largest ethnic group in Staten Island (Richmond County), making it the most Italian county in the United States, with 37.7% of the population reporting Italian American ancestry. [35] The New York metropolitan area contains the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, enumerating an estimated 735,019 individuals as of 2012[update],[50] including at least 350,000 foreign born Chinese as of 2013[update], making them the city's second largest ethnic group. The segment between Farmers Boulevard in Springfield Gardens and the New York City border in Meadowmere connects the two discontinuous sections of New York State Route 878, the Nassau Expressway. Puerto Ricans living in the mainland U.S. however, were given full American citizenship and were allowed to seek political office in the states which they resided. [104], Germans starting immigrating to the United States in the 17th century, and until the late 19th century, when Germany was the country of origin for the largest number of immigrants to the United States. [154], Other Ecuadorian neighborhoods include Tremont in the Bronx,[155] and several neighborhoods in Queens, including Jackson Heights,[156] Corona,[35][152] and Ridgewood, have significant Ecuadorian communities. Sri Lankans, Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Jamaica was 53,751, an increase of 1,902 (3.5%) from the 51,849 counted in 2000. Ridgewood, Queens, also has a significant Puerto Rican population, which is now spreading to other places in Central Queens such as Maspeth, Glendale, and Middle Village; as does neighboring community Bushwick, Brooklyn. [119] Most of the Italian immigrants to New York were from Southern Italy, from cities, Sicily, or Naples.[119]. [42], When Tower Air existed, its headquarters were at the airport. In fact, Dominicans are the most dominant Hispanic group (and overall ethnic group) in many areas of the Bronx west of Third Avenue, often sharing these Bronx neighborhoods with Puerto Ricans , African Americans, as well as whites and other inmigrants from Latin America and Africa. Some people call this area another "Little South Asia" similar to that of Jackson Heights. In the 1950s, however, what was later called white flight began and middle-income African Americans started taking their place. The majority of them were Christian. Although the Jewish community of Staten Island is dispersed throughout the Island, enclaves of Hasidic Jews are found in the Willowbrook, New Springville, Eltingville, and New Brighton areas. [108] Many Greeks are leaving Astoria for Whitestone, Queens, but many of the buildings in Astoria are still owned by Greeks. In the 1970s, it became the headquarters for the Islamic Society of North America. Other boroughs: [43] Many Jamaicans immigrated in the years following 1944, when the United States economy was rebuilding from World War II, seeing opportunity. Bangladeshis have tried to leave a permanent legacy, making a failed attempt to rename McDonald Avenue after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh which was not backed by the surrounding residents of that area, they however within themselves have nicknamed the area Bangla Town.[35]. [5] The population of Pakistanis in New York City is estimated at around 250,000; they are settled primarily in the boroughs of Queens (more specifically Jackson Heights) and Brooklyn (Coney Island Avenue). [26]:24 (PDF p. 55)[25]:6 Additionally, 74% of high school students in Jamaica and Hollis graduate on time, about the same as the citywide average of 75%.[25]:6. [183] A third major wave of Sephardi Jews coming from the Balkans and the Middle East after the Turkish revolution. After a certain period, the Arabic inhabitants of this area moved to other parts of the city, such as Astoria and Bay Ridge. It is mainly composed of a large commercial and retail area, though part of the neighborhood is also residential. Bangladeshis Elmhurst, another neighborhood in Queens, also has a large and growing Chinese community.[70][71]. The precinct reported 5 murders, 28 rapes, 156 robberies, 383 felony assaults, 153 burglaries, 414 grand larcenies, and 138 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Nordic heritage is still apparent in some sections of the neighborhood. [176] There are a few shops which still exist in this street, such as Sahadi's. [91] The Jamaica Yard, at the south end of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, abuts Grand Central Parkway and the Van Wyck Expressway. However, majority of the Jamaican population is Black, as Indo-Jamaicans form an extremely small minority. Filipinos There is a sizable Honduran American population in the South Bronx and West Bronx. George Bradford Brainerd (American, 1845–1887). Browse photos, see new properties, get open house info, and research neighborhoods on Trulia. [66], Jamaica and Hollis's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is more than the rest of New York City. Manhattan|work=primemanhattan.com|publisher=Prime Manhattan Realty|accessdate=May 4, 2009, Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region, Asian Indians in the New York City metropolitan region, Korean-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, History of the Russophone Americans in New York City, Racial and ethnic history of New York City, "Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds", "Ethnic enclaves: Lost in their own world? Middle Eastern ethnic groups that have formed ethnic enclaves include Palestinian Americans, Jordanian Americans, Egyptian Americans, Syrian Americans, Yemeni Americans and Lebanese Americans. [28] Other African American neighborhoods include Laurelton,[29] Cambria Heights,[30] Hollis,[31] Springfield Gardens,[32] and St. Jamaica is a middle-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. The Greater Jamaica Development Corporation (GJDC), the local business improvement district, acquired valuable real estate for sale to national chains in order to expand neighborhood commerce. Irish [94], Flushing Meadows–Corona Park abuts Jamaica on its far northwestern corner. While 29% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 19% have less than a high school education and 51% are high school graduates or have some college education. According to the 2010 US Census data on brooklyn.com there are approximately 370,000 (16.4%) Caribbean descendants in Brooklyn. That was until 1917, when the United States Congress approved Jones-Shafroth Act which gave Puerto Ricans in the island a U.S. citizenship with certain limitations. New York City's satellite Chinatowns in Queens and Brooklyn are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, as large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York.[52][53][54]. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], Jamaica and Hollis are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[25]:7. [120] In fact, much of the Lower East Side in general and, until recently, Greenwich Village contained a high Italian population. [183] The outbreak of World War I and the Holocaust caused many German Jews to immigrate to the United States. [32] At the same time, the city has reserved the right to protect the suburban/residential charm of neighboring areas. [61] The neighborhood is named for the western portion of the street, which is primarily populated by mainland Chinese immigrants, (primarily Foochowese from Fuzhou, Fujian). [39] In NYC, they mostly live in Richmond Hill and Ozone Park, which have many Hindu, Muslim, and Christian people.[35]. Some of the region's main centers of Indian culture are located in central New Jersey, particularly in Middlesex County. Italians A 1986 estimate by the Flushing Chinese Business Association approximated 60,000 Chinese in Flushing alone. The area however is marked by an abundance of Vietnamese restaurants. This page was last edited on 21 May 2021, at 01:41. It has two subway stations, as well as stations for the LIRR and the AirTrain JFK, and two Queens courthouses. [24], Arabs [48] The 103rd Precinct is located at 168-02 91st Avenue and serves downtown Jamaica and Hollis,[49] while the 113th Precinct is located at 167-02 Baisley Boulevard and serves St. Albans and South Jamaica. Although Florida has received some dispersal of the population, there has been a resurgence in Puerto Rican migration to New York and New Jersey[165][166] - consequently, the New York City Metropolitan Area has witnessed an increase in its Puerto Rican population from 1,177,430 in 2010 to a Census-estimated 1,201,850 in 2012,[167] maintaining its status by a significant margin as the most important cultural and demographic center for Puerto Ricans outside San Juan. The New York City Subway's IND Queens Boulevard Line (E, ​F, and trains) terminate at 179th Street station, at the foot of Jamaica Estates, a neighborhood of mansions north of Jamaica's central business district. Dutch Central Americans Public elementary and middle schools in Jamaica include: The Catholic schools are administered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. Immigration records of Dominicans in the United States date from the late 19th century, with New York City having a Dominican community since the 1930s. [172] Loisaida is an enclave east of Avenue A that originally comprised German, Jewish, Irish, and Italian working class residents who lived in tenements without running water; the German presence, already in decline, virtually ended after the General Slocum disaster in 1904. Notable current and former residents of Jamaica include: The former First Reformed Dutch Church, now the Jamaica Performing Arts Center (JPAC), Federal Aviation Administration regional offices, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, the Rocket Thrower is a 1963 bronze sculpture by American sculptor Donald De Lue, Poets Rise - Houston Conwill (1989) Exterior courtyard Jos P. Addabbo Federal Bldg, Well & Lectern. [184] Borough Park, Brooklyn, (also known as Boro Park) is one of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities in the world. [25]:16 In addition, 23% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. The parade features hundreds of people in folk dress who march along Fifth Avenue. [76][77][78][79][80][81], In Woodside, Queens, 13,000 out of 85,000 (~15%) of the population is Filipino. Another Chinatown has developed in southern Brooklyn, on Avenue U in the Homecrest area, as evidenced by the growing number of Chinese-run fruit markets, restaurants, beauty and nail salons, and computer and general electronics dealers, spread among a community formerly composed mainly of Georgians, Vietnamese, Italians, Russians, and Greeks. On Atlantic Avenue between the East River and Grand Army Plaza, there is also a significant population of Middle Easterners. [14][15] All slaves in the United States were later freed in 1865, with the end of the American Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. [183] 50,000 Jews a year still immigrate to the United States.[183]. Brooklyn Museum, The landmarked sidewalk clock on Jamaica Avenue, The Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1896) is dedicated to Union soldiers and sailors who died during the American Civil War. and 94th Ave., Korean-based Prime Construction Corp., Greater Jamaica Development Corporation, and several other partners have signed a deal to create a 13-story mega-mall. [35][148] Major Dominican neighborhoods in New York include Washington Heights and Inwood in Manhattan, Bushwick, Williamsburg, Sunset Park, and East New York in Brooklyn, Corona, Jackson Heights, Ridgewood, and Woodhaven in Queens, and most of the West Bronx, particularly areas like the Highbridge, University Heights, Morris Heights, Kingsbridge, and Fordham-Bedford, among others. There are also large enclaves of Jewish Americans, who immigrated from or whose ancestors immigrated from various countries. Other neighborhoods in Queens such as Woodhaven also have a sizable population. [2], As of 2019[update], there are 3.1 million immigrants in New York City. The English took over in 1664 and made it part of the county of Yorkshire. It includes a 2-story museum with over an acre of land and a public park. The largest Bangladeshi enclave is on 73rd Street in Jackson Heights, Queens,[49] which they share with the Indian, Pakistani and Filipinos of that area. [25][168][169][170] In Williamsburg; Graham Avenue is nicknamed "Avenue of Puerto Rico" because of the high density and strong ethnic enclave of Puerto Ricans who have been living in the neighborhood since the 1950s. [31], Efforts have been made to follow the examples of major redevelopment occurring in Astoria, Long Island City, Flushing, and Downtown Brooklyn. [35], There is at least one community of West Africans in New York, concentrated in Le Petit Senegal in Harlem, Manhattan. [185] Crown Heights, Brooklyn, also has a large Orthodox Jewish community. In Queens, Elmhurst, East Elmhurst, and Jackson Heights have the largest Mexican populations, but Corona and Kew Gardens also have sizable communities. Whereas the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava on 26th Street in Manhattan provides a historical link to the first Serbian immigrants, these days Serbs are concentrated in Queens, mainly in Astoria and Ridgewood, although the Serbian Club is located on 65th Place in Glendale.
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