Since its consolidation with New York City in 1898, Brooklyn has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a "strong" mayor–council system. Less perceptible remnants of older communities have persisted in Cobble Hill and Carroll Gardens, where the homes of the remaining Italian Americans can often be contrasted with more recent upper middle class residents through the display of small Madonna statues, the retention of plastic-metal stoop awnings and the use of Formstone in house cladding. South Brooklyn, an area in central Kings County extending to the former Brooklyn city line near Green-Wood Cemetery's southern border, was originally settled by the Canarsee Indians, one of several indigenous Lenape peoples who farmed and hunted on the land. It also has books and periodicals in all the major languages spoken in Brooklyn, including English, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, Hebrew, and Haitian Creole, as well as French, Yiddish, Hindi, Bengali, Polish, Italian, and Arabic. Curran, Winifred. Right in Brooklyn and Out on Long Island", "The Brooklyn Eagle and Kings County Democrat", "Abolitionist Brooklyn (1828–1849) | In Pursuit of Freedom", "World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "NEW YORK/JFK, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for Large Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States", "African Americans", Encyclopedia of Chicago, Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, "San Francisco Hopes to Reverse Black Flight", "Census Shows More Black Residents Are Leaving New York and Other Cities", "D.C. 'exodus' sparks district renewal efforts for Whites", "County Membership Report Kings County (New York)", "Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014", "DanceAfrica 2019 Bazaar in New York at Brooklyn Academy of Music", "DanceAfrica Celebrates Rwanda and a 'Living Sense of Grace, "Puerto Ricans' Vibrant History in North Brooklyn", "New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law", "How a March for Black Trans Lives Became a Huge Event", "Corporate Pride Events Can't Happen This Year. In 2004, 215,000 Brooklyn residents worked in the services sector, while 27,500 worked in manufacturing. The oldest mention of the settlement in the Netherlands, is in a charter of 953 of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, namely Broecklede. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Despite widespread migration to Staten Island and more suburban areas in metropolitan New York throughout the postwar era, notable concentrations of Italian Americans continue to reside in the neighborhoods of Bensonhurst, Dyker Heights, Bay Ridge, Bath Beach and Gravesend. There are three commuter rail stations in Brooklyn: East New York, Nostrand Avenue, and Atlantic Terminal, the terminus of the Atlantic Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. Introduce young students to the concept of maps as representations of places with this neighborhood map. Today, Arab Americans and Pakistani Americans (along with other Muslim communities, including Bangladeshi Americans) have moved into the southwest portion of Brooklyn, particularly to Bay Ridge, where Middle Eastern and South Asian restaurants, hookah lounges, halal shops, Islamic shops and mosques are centered around the commercial thoroughfares of Fifth and Third Avenues below 86th Street. The Dutch West India Company lost little time in chartering the six original parishes (listed here by their later English town names):[23] Gravesend: in 1645, settled under Dutch patent by English followers of Anabaptist Deborah Moody, named for 's-Gravenzande, Netherlands, or Gravesend, England; Brooklyn Heights: as Breuckelen in 1646, after the town now spelled Breukelen, Netherlands. [27], The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, leaving the British in control of New York Harbor. Courier-Life Publications, owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, is Brooklyn's largest chain of newspapers. [98] The pharmaceutical company Pfizer was founded in Brooklyn in 1869 and had a manufacturing plant in the borough for many years that employed thousands of workers, but the plant shut down in 2008. Today, over 2,400 students attend the small liberal arts college. In 2010, 51.6% of the population was counted as members of religious congregations. [144] NY Waterway offers tours and charters. The number of people living in Brooklyn grew rapidly early in the 19th century. In addition to its specialized Business Library in Brooklyn Heights, the Library is preparing to construct its new Visual & Performing Arts Library (VPA) in the BAM Cultural District, which will focus on the link between new and emerging arts and technology and house traditional and digital collections. The South Brooklyn and Rockaway routes serve southwestern Brooklyn before terminating in lower Manhattan. Other notable religious Jewish neighborhoods with a longstanding cultural lineage include Kensington, Canarsie, Sea Gate, and Crown Heights, home to the Chabad world headquarters). Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a commuter town for Wall Street. The Brooklyn campus has strong science and medical technology programs, at the graduate and undergraduate levels. Brooklyn has one of the most active recreational fishing fleets in the United States. The two combined in shipbuilding; the ironclad Monitor was built in Brooklyn. The Nets moved into the borough in 2012, and play their home games at Barclays Center in Prospect Heights. Medgar Evers College is a few blocks east of Prospect Park in Crown Heights. Andrew Haswell Green and other progressives said yes, and eventually, they prevailed against the Daily Eagle and other conservative forces. Construction and services are the fastest growing sectors. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. In total, 45.9% (1,051,456) of Brooklyn's population ages 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English. The poor communities of color who tend to inhabit neighborhoods targeted for gentrification were often the victims of unfair housing policies from the end of World War II. Mexicans now predominate alongside Chinese immigrants in Sunset Park, although remnants of the neighborhood's once-substantial postwar Puerto Rican and Dominican communities continue to reside below 39th Street. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The British set up a system of prison ships off the coast of Brooklyn in Wallabout Bay, where more American patriots died there than in combat on all the battlefield engagements of the American Revolutionary War combined. Democrats hold most public offices, and the borough is very liberal. [4] The 2019 census estimates determined there were 958,567 households with an average of 2.66 persons per household. Like other Latino neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick has an established Puerto Rican presence, along with an influx of many Dominicans, South Americans, Central Americans, Mexicans, as well as a more recent influx of Puerto Ricans. Brooklyn Tech Alumni Foundation Hall of Fame, evacuation of the British from New York City, The Brooklyn Eagle, and Kings County Democrat, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, National Register of Historic Places listings in Kings County, New York, List of former municipalities in New York City, "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Kings County (Brooklyn Borough), New York", GCT-PH1; Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000 – United States – County by State; and for Puerto Rico from the Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data, "Brooklyn Home Prices Jump 18% to Record as Buyers Compete", "19 Reasons Why Brooklyn Is New York's New Start-Up Hotspot", "One Celebrated Brooklyn Artist's Futuristic New Practice", "The History of Connecticut, as Illustrated by the Names of Her Towns", "Slavery Here. [30] On May 14, 1849, the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle;[31] on September 5, 1938, it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle.
In 2020, four Democrats and one Republican represented Brooklyn in the United States House of Representatives. Many hospitals in Brooklyn were started by Jewish charities, including Maimonides Medical Center in Borough Park and Brookdale Hospital in Brownsville.[56][57]. 10. Several others are now defunct, including BKLYN Magazine (a bimonthly lifestyle book owned by Joseph McCarthy, that saw itself as a vehicle for high-end advertisers in Manhattan and was mailed to 80,000 high-income households), Brooklyn Bridge Magazine, The Brooklynite (a free, glossy quarterly edited by Daniel Treiman), and NRG (edited by Gail Johnson and originally marketed as a local periodical for Clinton Hill and Fort Greene, but expanded in scope to become the self-proclaimed "Pulse of Brooklyn" and then the "Pulse of New York").[91]. Walter O'Malley, the team's owner at the time, is still vilified, even by Brooklynites too young to remember the Dodgers as Brooklyn's ball club. The rapidly growing population needed more water, so the City built centralized waterworks including the Ridgewood Reservoir. Brooklyn's main Latino groups are Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, Dominicans, and Panamanians; they are spread out throughout the borough. [103], Brooklyn is also home to many banks and credit unions. [113], Brooklyn once had a National Football League team named the Brooklyn Lions in 1926, who played at Ebbets Field.[114]. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010. Ultimately, whether in terms of culture, crime, ethnic makeup, or otherwise, the Brooklyn of the 1960s was a place in transition — much like the Brooklyn of today. There is even some research that suggests that black, working-class families tend to stay in gentrified neighborhoods rather than leave them, and that the economic benefits of gentrification do indeed reach all residents. Brooklyn's West Indian community is concentrated in the Crown Heights, Flatbush, East Flatbush, Kensington, and Canarsie neighborhoods in central Brooklyn. 1145 17th Street NW A third route, the Rockaway ferry, makes one stop in the borough at Brooklyn Army Terminal. Earlier, the area was known predominantly for its Irish, Norwegian, and Scottish populations. In 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was completed, transportation to Manhattan was no longer by water only, and the City of Brooklyn's ties to the City of New York were strengthened. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. [79][86], Brooklyn has a high degree of linguistic diversity. The College of Medicine has the highest percentage of minority students of any medical school in New York State. Brighton Beach features many Russian and Ukrainian businesses and has been nicknamed Little Russia and Little Odessa, respectively. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the modern sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park, and Grand Army Plaza. [19] The New Amsterdam settlement of Breuckelen also went through many spelling variations, including Breucklyn, Breuckland, Brucklyn, Broucklyn, Brookland, Brockland, Brocklin, and Brookline/Brook-line. There were 4,402 by 1810, 7,175 in 1820 and 15,396 by 1830. [54] In 2014, there were 914 religious organizations in Brooklyn, the 10th most of all counties in the nation. Brooklyn receives plentiful precipitation all year round, with nearly 50 in (1,300 mm) yearly. Bushwick is the largest hub of Brooklyn's Latino American community. The Missouri, the ship on which the Japanese formally surrendered, was built there, as was the Maine, whose sinking off Havana led to the start of the Spanish–American War. Brooklyn had reached its natural municipal boundaries at the ends of Kings County. Previously, the Nets had played in Uniondale, New York and in New Jersey. In the first decades of the 21st century, Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as a destination for hipsters,[9] with concomitant gentrification, dramatic house price increases, and a decrease in housing affordability. the practice of denying investments and credit based on someone’s race or ethnicity. Sunset Park's population is 42% Latino, made up of these various ethnic groups. Gentrification is underway in many U.S. neighborhoods like Bushwick in Brooklyn, New York. Hello Mr. is also published in Brooklyn. Industrial deconcentration in the mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the northern part of the county. [92] Major ethnic publications include the Brooklyn-Queens Catholic paper The Tablet, Hamodia, an Orthodox Jewish daily and The Jewish Press, an Orthodox Jewish weekly. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Brooklyn elected a mayor from 1834 until consolidation in 1898 into the City of Greater New York, whose own second mayor (1902–1903), Seth Low, had been Mayor of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885. [97], Jobs in the borough have traditionally been concentrated in manufacturing, but since 1975, Brooklyn has shifted from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy. Save for Red Hook (which remained roughly one-fifth Latino American as of the 2010 Census), the South Side and Sunset Park, similar postwar communities in other waterfront neighborhoods (including western Park Slope, the north end of Greenpoint[61] and Boerum Hill) largely disappeared by the turn of the century due to various factors, including gentrification, deindustrialization and suburbanization among more affluent Dominicans and Puerto Ricans. Nineteen New York City Subway services, including the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, traverse the borough. [147] Other prominent roadways are the Prospect Expressway (New York State Route 27), the Belt Parkway, and the Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly the Interborough Parkway). The six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island were reorganized as Kings County on November 1, 1683,[25] one of the "original twelve counties" then established in New York Province. [10] Some new developments are required to include affordable housing units. The New York University Tandon School of Engineering, the United States' second oldest private institute of technology, founded in 1854, has its main campus in Downtown's MetroTech Center, a commercial, civic and educational redevelopment project of which it was a key sponsor. Brooklyn has several local newspapers: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Bay Currents (Oceanfront Brooklyn), Brooklyn View, The Brooklyn Paper, and Courier-Life Publications. In a parallel development, the Town of Bushwick, farther up the river, saw the incorporation of the Village of Williamsburgh in 1827, which separated as the Town of Williamsburgh in 1840 and formed the short-lived City of Williamsburgh in 1851. [94], Brooklyn's job market is driven by three main factors: the performance of the national and city economy, population flows and the borough's position as a convenient back office for New York's businesses. From 1968 to 1979 Seatrain Shipbuilding was the major employer. Brooklyn has an annual, celebrated Carnival in the tradition of pre-Lenten celebrations in the islands. Every time a rash of burglaries broke out, officials blamed burglars from New York City. Many non-Orthodox Jews (ranging from observant members of various denominations to atheists of Jewish cultural heritage) are concentrated in Ditmas Park and Park Slope, with smaller observant and culturally Jewish populations in Brooklyn Heights, Cobble Hill, Brighton Beach, and Coney Island. [144] The Brooklyn waterfront formerly employed tens of thousands of borough residents and acted as an incubator for industries across the entire city, and the decline of the port exacerbated Brooklyn's decline in the second half of the 20th century. Ferries to Coney Island are also planned. Bargemusic and St. Ann's Warehouse are on the other side of Downtown Brooklyn in the DUMBO arts district. 52 Highways and Parkways in the New York City Area, Ranked", "Cross Brooklyn Expressway (I-878, unbuilt)", "Brooklyn-Üsküdar: Istanbul and New York's iconic districts join forces", Growing Up Greenpoint – A Kid's Life in 1970s Brooklyn, "Brooklyn Navy Yard 1966–1986, the Yard was still a Shipyard not an Industrial Park", Official website of the Brooklyn Borough President, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Online, 1841–1902, New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn&oldid=1025084053, Populated coastal places in New York (state), Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from August 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990), Russian and Eastern European (Includes Russian, Ukrainian, Soviet Union, etc. On the other hand, the Brooklyn Public Library is an independent nonprofit organization partially funded by the government of New York City, but also by the government of New York State, the U.S. federal government, and private donors. [126][127][128][129], St. Francis College is a Catholic college in Brooklyn Heights founded in 1859 by Franciscan friars. Brooklyn is home to the largest community of West Indians outside of the Caribbean. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Toward the end of the 19th century, the City of Brooklyn experienced its final, explosive growth spurt. Public fund collection meetings were arranged to financially sustain the hospital. Among them is the quarterly "L'Idea", a bilingual magazine printed in Italian and English since 1974. Unlike other regiments during the American Civil War, the 14th wore a uniform inspired by the French Chasseurs, a light infantry used for quick assaults. The United States Census Bureau has estimated Brooklyn's population has increased 2.2% to 2,559,903 between 2010 and 2019. In 1857, the state legislature merged the Brooklyn force with that of New York City.[35]. Photograph by Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images. [101] Most employers in Brooklyn are small businesses. You cannot download interactives. In 1955, the Dodgers, perennial National League pennant winners, won the only World Series for Brooklyn against their rival New York Yankees. Brooklyn has 18 of the city's 59 community districts, each served by an unpaid Community Board with advisory powers under the city's Uniform Land Use Review Procedure. [102] As of August 2008[update], the borough's unemployment rate was 5.9%. Pratt Institute, in Clinton Hill, is a private college founded in 1887 with programs in engineering, architecture, and the arts. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years. About 57 percent of all households in Brooklyn were households without automobiles. Brooklyn is also attracting numerous high technology start-up companies, as Silicon Alley, the metonym for New York City's entrepreneurship ecosystem, has expanded from Lower Manhattan into Brooklyn.[106]. ), Central European (Includes Slovakian, Slovenian, Slavic, Czech, etc.). As a result, economic conditions in Manhattan are important to the borough's jobseekers. Approximately 92.8% of Brooklyn residents traveling to Manhattan use the subway, despite the fact some neighborhoods like Flatlands and Marine Park are poorly served by subway service. For other uses, see, Borough and county in New York, United States, Partnerships with districts of foreign cities. Throughout this period the peripheral towns of Kings County, far from Manhattan and even from urban Brooklyn, maintained their rustic independence. The people and businesses that move into gentrifying neighborhoods may have goals for their new homes that are at odds with the goals of people who have lived there for a long time. Other businesses are situated in Downtown Brooklyn near Atlantic Avenue. The collections will include the subjects of art, theater, dance, music, film, photography, and architecture. Economic growth continued, propelled by immigration and industrialization, and Brooklyn established itself as the third-most populous American city for much of the 19th century. The borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. A historical concentration has endured in Bay Ridge and adjacent areas, where there is a noticeable cluster of Hellenic-focused schools, businesses and cultural institutions. After the war the Henry Ward Beecher Monument was built downtown to honor a famous local abolitionist. Gentrification is thus a complicated issue that involves many different stakeholders and perspectives. [16] The Dutch colonists named it after the scenic town of Breukelen, Netherlands. Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city (and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution) until January 1, 1898, when, after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s, according to the new Municipal Charter of "Greater New York", Brooklyn was consolidated with other cities, towns, and counties, to form the modern City of New York, surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. [87], Brooklyn has played a major role in various aspects of American culture including literature, cinema, and theater. Brooklyn was long a major shipping port, especially at the Brooklyn Army Terminal and Bush Terminal in Sunset Park. Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it shares a land border with the borough of Queens, at the western end of Long Island. It covers about half of a city block. CUNY's New York City College of Technology (City Tech) of The City University of New York (CUNY) (Downtown Brooklyn/Brooklyn Heights) is the largest public college of technology in New York State and a national model for technological education. The Brooklyn Academy of Music also holds the DanceAfrica festival in late May, featuring street vendors and dance performances showcasing food and culture from all parts of Africa. Puerto Ricans and Dominicans are predominant in Bushwick, Williamsburg's South Side and East New York. The most well-known regiment to be sent off to war from the city was the 14th Brooklyn "Red Legged Devils". Over time, as these rural populations grew, cities began to develop. As is the case with sister boroughs Manhattan and the Bronx, Brooklyn has not voted for a Republican in a national presidential election since Calvin Coolidge in 1924. [104][105], The rezoning of Downtown Brooklyn has generated over US$10 billion of private investment and $300 million in public improvements since 2004. Pakistani Independence Day is celebrated every year with parades and parties on Coney Island Avenue. However, rents and costs of living have since increased dramatically in these same neighborhoods, forcing artists to move to somewhat less expensive neighborhoods in Brooklyn or across Upper New York Bay to locales in New Jersey, such as Jersey City or Hoboken.[66].
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