Most of the ʿamd crimes, however, have their culprits incarcerated in jail for long periods, up to life imprisonment, with presidential pardons (ʿafū) every once in a while considerably shortening the detention periods. What is surprising is that they’re from the class (ṭabaqa) of teenagers and I’m from the same age group[.] 55Before pursuing evidence, let us first look at the logic of the verdict itself. It may well be that, as policemen, they should not be interrogated by fellow policemen, but only by judges and prosecutors from the public prosecution office. The crux of the matter resolved around a couple of factual interpretations, namely, that the death did not occur as an outcome to a damage to the skull and brain, but to blows on the thoracic area that damaged two ribs and blood vessels, resulting in a severe blood hemorrhage; all reports endorsed the existence of the cellophane foreign body, said to have been discovered in the stomach, and “whose content remains unknown,” according to the three‑panel committee. 120We began this chapter with a public execution of youngsters who were lawbreakers, who frightened the city with “unreasonable” serial crimes, and were perceived by the population at large and the law as mercilessly breaking all shared values around them, as if nothing mattered beyond their own fragile narcissistic superegos. In effect, what the juridical discourse does is to narrate events from a first‑person perspective, which eo ipso implies a narration based on the rationality of individual action. In some countries, law enforcement agencies aggressively pursue and prosecute people suspected of being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. First, Ahmad’s testimonies were delivered while “he was totally free, without any mental or physical pressure from any party,” even though “he was beaten up at some point by state secret agents (mukhābarāt), but as he stated it himself, that did not prevent him from telling the truth.” The lawyer was referring here to an episode where secret agents interrogated the then suspect Ahmad, since at the time he was serving in the army. If in our other cases, the police reports were generally taken as sacrosanct and as bearers of the truth, by contrast the August 2, 1991 report for the killing of Ahmad Farawati, drafted the night of his death, which systematically denied any wrongdoing, was a source of suspicion from day one. It is common to see defendants as sources of all evils. We left my home and took a walk west of the road that passes in front of our house, and by the time we were outside town [Miʿatmisrin], he told me, “O my uncle, how does one get married?” And I replied: “What did you do?” He then said: “I stood over my wife’s legs, and threw myself over her.” He did not mention whether he repeated this operation (ʿamaliyya) or not: “My wife told me to lie down over her and penetrate my penis into her vagina, which I did.” When I asked him whether his wife felt any pain, he replied: “She didn’t feel any pain.” I then asked him of the number of times they had sex that night, and he replied: ‘I had sex with her four times.’ But it was unclear whether he meant four times during the first time or throughout the past period as‑a‑whole. 1 Which was used by the late Ottomans to execute “Syrian nationalists.”. The victim’s father, for his part, had posed himself as an individual plaintiff (muddaʿi shakhṣī), demanding compensation. Scopri di più ... Syria Active penalty. If as Hegel has reasoned, “self‑consciousness is desire itself,” it attains its “satisfaction” only in another self‑consciousness.37 Hence in a homicide what the murderer’s self‑consciousness desires is the self‑consciousness of the addressee, not the victim; the murderer being eo ipso unconscious of the external gaze that traverses his criminal action, which obfuscates the murder into a relation between assailant and victim, the murderer merely treats his or her victim as an object. 3 Reported, among others, by the “independent” Syria–News website, which is “friendly” to the Asad régime: http://www.syria‑news.com/readnews.php?sy_seq=64439. 57This unusual case, on the death of an arrested man under torture, seems to have alienated the judges of Aleppo and Damascus, on one hand, from the officials at the Ministry of Justice in Damascus on the other. The unexpected twist was indeed in the attitude of judges and prosecutors, as they had come to realize that a red line was crossed, and that the policemen, whom they relied so much upon in the past for their diligent torture methods, lost their ground defense. Thus, while the mother believed and protected, the father was suspicious, seeing a son crafted in his own image, that of a criminal who “does not have any work,” and whose only talent was to imitate his father’s gross failures. The delay was already visible early on, as it took almost two years to come up with the referral judge report and the first synthesis of the crime. But Muhammad refused all that, bragging that he would create a scandal. Any human being would be surprised at how much this crime has affected our society, first in its causes and motives, then in the style of its execution, and also in the fact that one of the criminals is an educated woman whose job was a teacher forming a new generation of students, while the other is also educated (, The second emphasis, besides guilt, is “style,” which by all accounts was horrific—in cold blood.The emphasis on education, and the fact that the wife was a schoolteacher and an alumna of Aleppo University, is an attempt to discredit the, The defendant Sabiha Dalʿun, which you have come to know, has proven that she is a true viper, acting behind her instincts, who marries to protect herself, then to protect herself even further pushes her brothers, chief among them the accused Ahmad, and her mother, to participate with her at finishing off her husband the victim Muhammad, who was known in his own town, among his colleagues and friends, as a very decent fellow with high moral principles. 78By the time the referral judge report followed suit nearly two years later on March 4, 1993, this reasoning does not seem to have abated, as the manslaughter charge would be avoided one more time in favor of a lesser one of an inflicted harm that would involuntarily lead to death. Males are thus represented as either sexually “normal” or “deficient,” “experienced” or “inexperienced,” with “weak” or “strong” sexual desires. Such a change of metaphor comes in conjunction with a new grammar, discursive practices, and forms of life. The [state‑owned] newspaper Tishrīne [October] wrote that the autopsy report had indicated that Farawati had received many blows on his left hip that caused a hemorrhage, which in turn stopped his left kidney from functioning; in addition to completely damaged tenth and eleventh ribs, which led to another hemorrhage causing death. 1962), and was examined by the prosecution on August 2. Figure 5–2. 36 [C5–3] When I was offered in the late 1990s the case below, regarding a young man who murdered a senior citizen to rob him of his motorbike, I was told that the youngster would surely be at least permanently incarcerated, but I then lost track of the file, as it was impossible to get back to my original sources and check the final ruling. I formed a small unit composed of Husayn Haddad as our head, myself as an assistant, policeman Saleh ʿIsa and the van’s driver. 1974) was on the death row with the other two for premeditated killing in preparation for a robbery. The court therefore rationalized premeditation within the confines of a discourse commonly offered by prosecutors and councils alike, as an act that was deliberate, well thought, prepared beforehand, and executed with a “calm spirit” and willingness to harm. 22 Iran is alleged to have the second highest execution rate in the world after China, but supplies no official figures for hanging. Similar allegations that Ghada might have acted as a “set‑up girl” for Basim’s sisters fostered in all probability a great deal of controversy. 27A brief addendum notes that the convict demanded, upon uttering his last words, to fetch if possible the father of the little girl he had murdered so that he would ask his forgiveness. Three more show up below on the same side with similar qualifications, which may have been the result of kicks inflicted on the face.” In the following section, “the opening up of the body,” the autopsy indicates that when with the help of a scalpel the skull was dissected beneath the areas that showed deep bruises, “there is no indication of violence or force, or broken bones in the skull, and when the brain area was dissected, there was no indication of a blood hemorrhage in the mouth and ear areas.” It was only in the lung and its thoracic cavity (thorax and chest) that indications of a blood hemorrhage were perceived. Public executions in Iran are usually conducted as punishment for murder or rape, though lesser crimes, such as fraud, can also incur a death sentence. Would you have gone after your cousin? The victim’s mother, however, maintained all along that the real motive was the perpetrator’s desire to rape her daughter. North Korea. death sentence to become effective. A three‑panel committee of doctors was called to re‑examine the body that same evening of August 2, and an investigating judge interviewed them and recorded their “collective statements” once they were done with their postmortem. We took the Jrablus road, and after we crossed approximately 5–6 km, upon reaching a low bridge, I asked my driver to head east, towards a steady agrarian road. Which points, in the final analysis, to the law’s obscene addendum of torture as an enjoyment (jouissance) qua practices of domination. Rather than opting for her daughter’s punishment, hence saving a son‑in‑law she did not care much about, and leaving a nephew practically “widowed”—rumors circulated that he was the true father of Sabiha’s only baby—the mother preferred to eliminate the only source that could break the imposed silence and bring the truth to the wider public—the source that would have dishonored the family. 2–3) In Syria, the “symbolic framework informed by liberal discourse” hedges on a formal acceptance of the rule of law, for instance, in the court system, and its bypassing whenever necessary, as in the example of public executions, in order to re‑inscribe the pre‑liberal state into the spectacle of politics. 38There is presumably something “culturally” foreseeable in a murderer who was raised in a home where the father had years before committed himself a murder, and was sentenced for several years in prison: tel père, tel fils. The boundaries that separate individuals and things into authorized users and outsiders are transgressed in the criminal act itself: it is as if the sacredness of bourgeois property must be transgressed in order to reverse the original violence of acquisition, as sanctioned by the Law and the shared values of society. It all coalesced around notions of shame and honor, which in effect are practical interpretations of factual evidence. Let us say beforehand that in the long five‑year 1993–1998 interlude, which led to manslaughter charges in the final verdict, no new evidence has enhanced the file, and based on the dossier itself, there is no palpable evidence either of a shift in narrative logic. Roughly 5 to 6 days prior to the incident, which is the subject of this suit, between 12:00 and 12:15 pm, someone knocked at our home’s door. We then took him back to the cell, and after a while we knocked the door asking permission to take him one more time to the restroom to clean him up. 44The father’s statements were enunciated in such a way as if he knew all along the trouble to come: he had the strong feeling that behind that motorbike was perhaps a crime, if not a homicide; his most intense hunch was regarding his own son, namely that his son was like him, someone ready to commit murder, and be jailed for it. Q1. The responsibility goes 40% on the parents 20% on unemployment 20% on inflation 20% on poverty[.] My mother handled the matter by fabricating that I had purchased a motorbike several months ago—that was on Sunday, two days before the murder. The uprising has become increasingly violent in recent months as thousands of army defectors have joined the Free Syrian Army, successfully mounting attacks on regime targets, tipping the country closer to full-blown civil war. What is so puzzling is the large disparity of crimes attributed to the accused, even though all their crimes came down to a single determination: indiscriminate killing for the purpose of theft. Hence, if Abdul‑Karim was indeed the only son, his decision to serve in the military would have been his own. Once the Jināyāt sentencing was concluded in 1995, which recommended the death penalty, it was ratified a year later by the Naqḍ, and the presidential decree was signed on 18 July 2002, only to be followed by the execution in the early morning of 22 July 2002. Basim and ʿAbdul‑Karim picked up victims that did not matter much to them (ʿAbdul‑Karim’s act was in his own admittance one of pure randomness), as if unconsciously aware that the recipient of the crime was not the victim but someone else who acts as a third‑party gaze, and whose feeling of guilt is left unacknowledged by the recipient itself. Yet, what such critical appraisals miss is precisely the uncanny coexistence of a multiplicity of forms of power relations in Syrian society. Once back into the cell, I knocked the door one more time, and told the guards in the corridor, “This man seems to be dying,” to which they replied, “Let him die, let this dog die.” They finally opened the door for us once I told them that there’s saliva coming from his mouth.
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