causes of political violence in africawhat is an example of cognitive dissonance

Youth of Africa: Unemployment, social cohesion and political instability. But from an historical perspective, political independence in Africa was achieved through violence in response to colonialism and imperialism. Causes of Gender Based Violence in Kenya Author Note This research is being submitted on Friday, April 17, 2015 for HCOB 2508 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT course. Although the term war is sometimes used as a . Secondly, the paper analyses how political violence has historically played out in Kenya. Conflicts in Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte . This time, I offer my thoughts on political violence in Africa - both its causes, and its mitigators. Abstract. Throughout the colonial period, conflicts had been resolved with violence, not democracy and diplomacy (Falola 171, 181). The historian would probably use the Congo to argue that natural resources, not ethnicity, have the greatest effect on political violence in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies of FBI data show that hate crimes—violence against . Author contact: aeylonen@hotmail.com. 833-844 POST-ELECTION VIOLENCE IN AFRICA : A Comparative case of Kenya and Zimbabwe N. N. Elekwa Erne, Okechukwu I. The Rwandan Genocide, as it came to be known, was one of the bloodiest ethnic conflicts in history. Introduction The aim of this research task is to assess the extent to which a 'third force' was responsible for the political violence in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) between 1990 and 1994. Causes of Electoral Violence in Africa Written by Ngah Gabriel sous dir. These conflicts cause not only casualties and refugees but contribute vastly to the spread of disease, malnutrition and starvation, social and economic decline and moral deterioration. These conflicts cause not only casualties and refugees but contribute vastly to the spread of disease, malnutrition and starvation, social and economic decline and moral deterioration. The number of African A Critical Analysis of Presidential Term Limits in Africa: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi. The electoral process in many of Africa's 'new' democracies has been characterised by violence. Today, these twin factors constitute a major cause of violent conflicts and civil strife in West Africa. A vital part of understanding a social problem, and a precursor to preventing it, is an understanding of what causes it. Even the fact that Africa is so often referred to in a . It is a truism that these two are mother and baby: with political violence being the umbrella under which electoral violence shields itself. Human violence is as old as humanity itself. The 2018 Global Peace Index listed South Africa as one of the most violent and dangerous places on earth, and getting worse.. South Africa has a long history of violence. For Africa to develop with these potential resources, the paradox transpires within the continent, which involves political instability, underdevelopment and backwardness. South Africa is therefore experiencing a serious economic, political and compounded public health crisis.

Rather, several risk factors come together in different ways, depending on context, to enable violence. The hypothesis of this paper is two-fold: There are multiple root causes of violent extremism in Africa and there is a nexus among these factors. Open-source conflict data is increasingly used to supplement reporting and analysis of trends in instability in Africa. The deepest causes of the conflict; economic despair, social injustice, and political oppression. The impunity that the perpetrators of the political violence enjoy and continue to enjoy in Zambia is at odds with the international commitments voluntarily assumed by Zambia when it ratified both the Covenant on Civil and Political and the African Charter on Human and People's Rights. For example, Independence struggles and the cold war. Abstract. On Sources of Political Violence in Africa: The Case of "Marginalizing State" in Sudan. 37-59 F u r th er m o r e , th e i n t e r n at io na l s .

Fourthly, the paper turns to an appraisal of which responses can be deployed to prevent the recurrence (or persistence) of political violence. 5 1 CURENTAFC IRCS56EN CTUCl5ecC5tIiC5No5ncITI Introduction This background paper is an introductory overview of the causes and experi-ences of election-related violence in relation to patronage politics in Ghana. Generally, the history of electoral politics in Africa has not been encouraging. This leads to political fragmentation, which is further exacerbated by the convergence of various social, ethnic and resource exploitation-related issues. Figure 1.1: A Decade of Electoral Violence in Africa, 2004 to 2013 Electoral violence has, in certain instances, catalyzed prolonged political conflict. It is based on this backdrop that the paper seeks to examine the causes of such conflicts, challenges and possible prospects. Many of today's challenges are the outcome of colonial political and economic . Politics and poverty caused past conflicts in East Africa -- not climate . Election related violence has socio-cultural, political and This type of violence goes by many titles, such as collective violence or political violence. In every democratic system of governance, election is the only legitimate determinant entrance to political office or leadership, and it is an important element for facilitating good governance practices and consolidation of democracy. violence occurring, with some years much more violent than others.

But besides war, there are many other characteristics that feed into political violence, such as cults .

Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types. The following is an additional essay written for my African Politics course. Abstract Africa remains a political exception in many ways: It is still viewed by many political observers and political leaders in other parts of the world as essentially if never explicitly referred to as such inhabited by savages. When majority of the people in a country are impoverished and cannot find jobs to do, then they vent their anger on the government . Amid poverty, African ruling classes or the elite group who happen to hold power at a particular time, have enriched themselves and become the targets of envy or rivalry by other elite groups. 1-1 It is an attempt to settle, by violence, disputes over political power, territorial and ethnic issues, and societal stresses such as injustice and poverty.

2. Political Violence in Africa: Thoughts on Its Causes and Mitigators. It has Since then, the trend line seems to be decreasing but still remains close to 50 percent. African Conflicts and Violence . The most horrific display of violence occurred from April to July of 1994, between two of Rwanda's ethnic groups: the Tutsi and the Hutu. Political Violence in Africa. predilection for violent political problem solving is examined.

On the African continent, political and ethnic tensions have led to armed conflicts; many of these conflicts have made their way into schools and classrooms. Generally this . Conflict usually occurs primarily as a result of a clash of interests in the relationship between parties, groups or states, either because they pursuing opposing or incompatible goals. Causes of political violence in Africa. (108) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar . Ghana is a 'beacon of hope' in Africa for its democratic laurels since it entered into multi party democratic elections in 1992.

Political Violence, Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy in the Horn of Africa: Causes, Effects, Prospects Alem Hailu Long before violence and terrorism became a global household concern, The Horn of Africa had been a major theater in which deadly conflicts framed along the ideologies of Given the similar structural constraints, the author considers why the Ogoni adopted . The history of insecurity in Africa associates high youth unemployment with the numerous situations of instability on the continent. The most significant risk factors include social FEATURED RESEARCH PAPER, 21 Aug 2017 . Using descriptive analysis, we investigated the root cause of political violence in the UMzimkhulu area. The failure of political systems is the main cause of conflict and displacement but climate change can exacerbate this. receive adequate compensation.

Violence rocking South Africa is driven by economic inequality and poverty as well as by politics, analysts say. An election that is not free and fair is one of the major causes of political instability in many countries across the globe. Given the similar structural constraints, the author considers why the Ogoni adopted nonviolent resistance, and the Ijaw violent resistance. The first speaker was Dr Johan Burger ( Download Johan Burger's presentation ), ISS Senior Researcher and retired major-general with 36 years of experience as a police officer . Douma, P. (2006). A report by the South African human rights commission claims that the causes of gender based violence resulting in the killing of women include unequal power in gender relations, patriarchy, sexism, homophobia and harmful and discriminatory practices.15 The lack of respect for women's right to life encouraged by impunity, high levels of crime . Poverty, Relative Deprivation and Political Exclusion as Drivers of Violent Conflict in Sub Saharan Africa. Introduction Since the end of the Cold War, civil war has become the predominant form of violence globally (Wallensteen and Sollenberg, 2000; de Soysa, 2001; Collier and Hoeffler, 2002). Mass unemployment and poverty can easily trigger political instability in any country. Causes and Consequences of Electoral Violence Election violence is regarded as a sub-category of political violence that is primarily distinguished by its timing and motive. 32, pp. The Indian Journal of Political Science Vol. While political terrorism is still quite rare in the United States, there's no question that these seemingly isolated acts are part of a larger pattern. The . of political violence is provided for. 'For instance', to quote Niels Kastfelt (2005:2), 'the region from the southern Sudan through northern Uganda to Rwanda, Burundi, and Congo - now the scene of brutal civil 1 Introduction The Causes & Costs of War in Africa On the eve of the November 2012 presidential, parliamentary and local council elections, Sierra Leone is often depicted as a country unrecognisable from a quarter of a century ago. The seminar explored public violence, reflecting on how this phenomenon is understood, what the underlying causes are, and what it means for policing in South Africa. Thirdly, the paper identifies a variety of causes of political violence in Kenya.

Political violence in Africa is rising and it is more complex than before. In South Africa in particular, political and ethnic strife, originally fuelled by the . While it may not seem relevant to Invictus Institute, it is important to note that we operate in . In a comprehensive analysis of the case of the UMzimkhulu area, we argued that to explain the causes of political violence, it was necessary to look into the type of people that are living in the area and their ethnic origin. Humans have always been prone to violence ever since their debut on the planet. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU Political Violence and Oil in Africa The book argues that in order to better understand the undercurrents of the Niger Delta conflict, it is imperative to analyse the dynamics of choice in terms of the distinct courses of action taken by the Ogoni and Ijaw. These two volumes, and the Annex presenting the risk model, look beyond the immediate political and security issues that shape the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and look at broader range of forces that are shaping both its instability and violence in the region, and the fact that the majority of MENA nations have remained . Economic discomfort can bail out into conflict. Political dynamics and . in contemporary Africa that cannot trace its sordid violence to colonial history and even the late nineteenth century. Several scholarly works on conflicts in the sub-region have identified bad governance and corruption as the underpinning factors fuelling and renewing violence in West Africa. Several theories have sought to explain the prevalence of political instability and war . Revised version of a paper on Electoral reform, political succession and democratisation in Africa, presented at the 27 th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA), held at Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, 16-19 November 2008. There is evidence that human warfare occurred even before the invention of agriculture, around 12,000 to 14,000 years ago in northern Sudan (an area known as Site 117, Jebel Sahaba, Sudan).

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